Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide, yet remains largely misunderstood. The exact cause of the disorder is unknown, and there is no known cure. While medications and therapies can provide some relief, patients often have to rely on a combination of treatments to manage their symptoms. However, recent research suggests that cannabis may be a promising new option for fibromyalgia patients.
Solid Evidence Base
Over the last few months, a number of reviews have helped refine our understanding of the relationship between cannabis, the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and fibromyalgia symptoms. Studies have shown that patients with fibromyalgia have increased levels of oleoylethanolamide and stearoylethanolamide, endocannabinoid-like molecules that don’t bind with the cannabinoid receptors. This suggests that the ECS is involved in fibromyalgia, and that cannabis may be a useful treatment option.
A review of clinical and preclinical research into cannabinoids and the ECS in patients with fibromyalgia found evidence for alterations in the endocannabinoid system. Another review of studies investigating the benefits of cannabinoids for chronic pain found that cannabinoids might improve pain and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. In addition, a review on the efficacy, risks, and benefits of cannabinoids in treating various pain subtypes concluded that available data strongly support the use of cannabinoids in treating fibromyalgia pain.
Mice Respond to Cannabis Oil
An October 2022 paper in Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy reported that oral feeding of a single dose of cannabis oil was enough to mitigate some hallmarks of fibromyalgia in mice. Repeated administration over the course of two weeks reduced reserpine-induced mechanical and thermal sensitivity, and also reduced depressive-like behavior.
Cannabis Helps “Treatment-Resistant” Patients
Two new prospective cohort studies build upon this work with additional real-world data that may well wind up in future reviews. A clinical trial in which 30 women suffering from fibromyalgia symptoms resistant to traditional pharmacological treatments were provided medicinal cannabis revealed “a marked improvement in general quality of life, general health, physical health, and psychological domain.” Another study found that initiating cannabis use was associated with improvements in pain intensity, sleep, and mood in fibromyalgia patients.
How Cannabis Works for Fibromyalgia
Cannabis contains more than 100 different cannabinoids, but two in particular – tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) – are believed to be especially beneficial for fibromyalgia patients. THC is the compound responsible for the “high” associated with cannabis use, but it also has pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects. CBD, on the other hand, has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, improve sleep, and alleviate pain.
Cannabis can be taken in a variety of forms, including smoking, vaping, and edibles. However, some patients may prefer to use cannabis topicals, which are applied directly to the skin and can provide targeted relief to areas of pain.
Cannabis Side Effects
While cannabis is generally well-tolerated, it can have side effects. These can include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, and increased appetite. In some cases, cannabis can also cause anxiety, paranoia, or hallucinations, especially at high doses. However, these side effects are generally mild and can be managed with dosage adjustments.
